| X-ray powder diffraction is one of the most potential characterization tools and a nondestructive technique for characterizing both organic and inorganic crystalline materials. The method previously used for measuring phase identification, quantitative analysis and to determine structure imperfections of samples from various disciplines such as geology, polymeric, environmental, pharmaceutical, and forensic sciences. In recent years, the applications have become extended to characterize carbon based materials and their composite properties. Here, we discussed all these points in a comprehensive way and also outlined future directions of diffraction geometry. We believe this work will serve as a reference guide for the potential applications of powder diffraction in various fields including the newly emerging nanomaterials. |
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